"Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse." Pediatrics 105, no. 6(June 2000): p. 1345(7).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: The role of imaging in cases of child abuse is to identify the extent of physical injury when abuse occurs, as well as to elucidate all imaging finds that point to alternative diagnoses. This articles gives an overview of the different types of imaging systems used for trauma most commonly found in abuse cases.

"A Safe Place to Be Till the Folks Calm Down: A New Kind of Shelter Helps Troubled Parents Stop Child Abuse Before It Starts (Centers Where Parents Can Leave Their Children If They Are In Danger of Being Abused)." Time 154, no. 24(December 13, 1999): p. 6.Notes: Also available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: The Greater Minneapolis Crisis Nursery opened in 1983 as a haven where parents on the edge could leave their children for as many as three days at a stretch, at no charge. From the start, it had a full house almost every night. And so they opened another one. It too has a full house almost every night. The calls come in 24 hours a day, more than 4,000 altogether last year. This isn't a glorified babysitting service. Mom can't swing by with a sob story about the pressures of modern parenting, unload her brood and zip off to the spa. The screening questions are intense, and parents--75% of whom earn less than $10,000 a year--have to map out a recovery plan. If there's a hint of abuse, a call goes out to the county child welfare authorities. Dozens of such centers now operate around the United States, and this article discusses their operation.

This bibliography is a representative selection of materials either owned or on order by the FBI Academy Library. Inclusion of an item does not represent an endorsement by the FBI of the material or its author.

Alexander, Randell and Paul K. Kleinman. Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1996.Call Number: J 32.8:B 9/2Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: This booklet provides guidelines for the use of diagnostic imaging in medical evaluations designed to determine whether or not an injury is evidence of child abuse.

Artingstall, Kathryn. Practical Aspects of Munchausen by Proxy and Munchausen Syndrome Investigation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999.Call Number: RC 569.5 .M83A78 1999Abstract: Munchausen Syndrome, classified as a mental illness, occurs when a person inflicts or fabricates illness upon themselves as an attention-getting device. Munchausen by Proxy (MBP) is an even more insidious disorder in that such illness or injury is inflicted upon a victim--usually a child--for the same purpose of gaining attention. This book is the most comprehensive law enforcement handbook written on MBP, which is now considered an index factor in child abuse investigations and as a suspicion factor in the deaths of young children. It offers detailed insight into the dynamics of MBP abuse and the Munchausen offender.

Bullock, Kim. "Child Abuse: The Physician's Role in Alleviating a Growing Problem." American Family Physician 61, no. 10(May 15, 2000): p. 2977(4).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: Although the classic battered child who presents with multiple injuries can be easily identified by the family physician, it is a diagnostic challenge when no physical signs are apparent or the child has a single injury. Family physicians should be aware of medical conditions that can be confused with abuse, for the outcome is tragic when a caretaker is falsely accused because of a child's illness. This article emphasizes the physician's role in evaluating the parents as well as the child in potential abuse cases.

Caliber Associates. "National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information." [http://www.calib.com/nccanch]. Abstract: The clearinghouse is a national resource of the US Department of Health and Human Services's Children's Bureau for professionals seeking information on the prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and neglect and related child welfare issues.

Ells, Mark. Forming a Multidisciplinary Team to Investigate Child Abuse. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1998.Call Number: J 32.8:M 91Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: This manual explains the benefits of a multidisciplinary team to investigate child abuse and provides advice on forming and operating an effective team.

Ennis, Charles. "Child Protection Teamwork." Law & Order (April 1999).Abstract: Police officers and agencies dedicated to child protection are working together more and more these days to ensure the safety of all children. Police spend more time in non-investigative activities, child protection workers spend more time as investigators, and their spheres of influence overlap in many areas. Both have shifted emphasis from reactive to pro-active response when possible. This article discusses a police officer whose partner is a social worker, and who are part of an abuse team.

________. "Twelve Clues That Could Save a Child." Law & Order (June 2000).Abstract: Police officers seldom receive training on how to recognize the clues that indicate child abuse. The author discusses twelve common clues that may indicate that someone is abusing a child. This article give an overview of the symptoms of potential child abuse.

Garbarino, James and John Eckenrode. Understanding Abusive Families: An Ecological Approach to Theory and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1997.Call Number: HV 6626.52 .G38 1997Abstract: Written by two of the country's most renowned authorities on the problems of youth, this classic book provides a thorough understanding of child abuse by tracing its development from infancy through childhood to adolescence. Going to the very heart of the problem, the authors also present a prescription to remedy the vicious cycle of abuse, warning that we must bring about fundamental changes in the basic cultural, social, and economic attitudes that allow children to be physically and psychologically harmed.

Hammond, Carl B., et al. Law Enforcement Response to Child Abuse. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1997.Call Number: J 32.2:C 43/7Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: This guide provides information needed by law enforcement personnel to ensure consistency in child abuse investigations and offers useful suggestions on how police officers can work with physicians, respond to domestic disturbance calls, and place children in protective custody.

Herman-Giddens, Marcia E., et al. "Underascertainment of Child Abuse Mortality in the United States." JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 282, no. 5(August 4, 1999): p. 463(9).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: State vital records systems may not be accurately recording deaths due to child abuse. A study of the Medical Examiner Information System of North Carolina identified 259 homicides among children under the age of 11. Eighty-five percent were caused by child abuse. The state's vital records system only identified 59% of these deaths as being caused by child abuse. The number of children killed in the entire US between 1985 and 1996 is probably three times higher than the 2,973 deaths reported. This article provides statistics on child abuse homicides.

Marion, Robert. "Emergency Room Terror (Osteogenesis Imperfecta Misdiagnosed As Child Abuse)." Discover 20, no. 9(September 1999): 5 p.Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: The wrong diagnosis tears a family apart.

Office for Victims of Crime. Breaking the Cycle of Violence: Recommendations to Improve the Criminal Justice System Response to Child Victims and Witnesses. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, 1999.

Call Number: J 34.2:B 73Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: Children represent one-fourth of crime victims. They experience abuse from parents and caretakers, are victimized by strangers, and are exposed to violence when they witness crimes in their homes and neighborhoods. Effective, age-appropriate interactions and practices adapted to the child can reduce the trauma that child victims and child witnesses experience and minimize their long-term physical, emotional and social problems. This monograph describes the best practices and programs that focus on the most effective response to juvenile victims and juvenile witnesses by all those who work in the criminal justice system, beginning at the crime scene and continuing through the prosecution.

Parnell, Teresa F. and Deborah O. Day, (eds). Munchausen By Proxy Syndrome: Misunderstood Child Abuse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1998.Call Number: RC 569.5 .M83M87 1998Abstract: Munchausen By Proxy Syndrome (MBPS), a form of child abuse in which a caretaker--usually a mother--fabricates and/or induces illness in a child, is one of the least understood forms of child abuse and mental illness. Examining the current knowledge about the manifestations and consequences of this perplexing behavior, this book will assist all professionals working with chronically ill children in identifying and intervening with this bizarre and often deadly form of abuse. Drawing from their firsthand experience with the complexities of such cases, the editors and contributors address critical issues of not only identification and assessment but also long-term psychotherapy.

Parrish, Rob. Battered Child Syndrome: Investigating Physical Abuse and Homicide. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1996.Call Number: J 32.8:B 32Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: This guide presents practical information on the circumstances that point to the willful rather than the accidental injury or death of an infant or child and the evidence required to prove it, as well as the techniques for obtaining such evidence.

Peltier, Phylip J. Burn Injuries in Child Abuse. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1997.Call Number: J 32.8:AB 9/6Notes: Also available full-text on the Internet at http://www.ncjrs.org (Abstract Database)Abstract: This booklet contains information to assist in distinguishing between burns that were intentionally inflicted on a child and burns resulting from accidental contact with hot objects.

Pressel, David M. "Evaluation of Physical Abuse in Children." American Family Physician 61, no. 10(May 15, 2000): p. 3057(7).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: Family physicians who are involved in the care of children are likely to encounter child abuse and should be able to recognize its common presentations. A history that is inconsistent with the patient's injuries is the hallmark of physical abuse. A pattern of physical findings, including bruises and fractures in areas unlikely to be accidentally injured, patterned bruises from objects, and circumferential burns or bruises in children not yet mobile, should be viewed as suspicious for child abuse. Family physicians who suspect physical abuse are mandated to make a report to the state child protective services agency and to assure the ongoing safety of the child. This article reviews the physician's role in suspected cases of physical abuse.

Rein, Mei Ling, et al, (eds). Child Abuse: Betraying A Trust. Wylie, TX: Information Plus, 1999.Call Number: HV 6626.52 .C44a 1999Abstract: The first case of child abuse that caught public attention in the United States, occurred in New York City, in 1874. Neighbors of Mary Ellen Connolly, a nine-year-old girl, contacted a social worker when they heard disturbances from the apartment in which the little girl lived. Upon investigating the child's home, the social worker found the child suffering from malnutrition, serious physical abuse and neglect. At that time, the laws protected animals, but no local, state, or federal laws protected children. Consequently, the charity worker turned to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals for help. The case was presented to the court on the theory that the child was a member of the animal kingdom and, therefore, entitled to the same protection the law give to animals. This book traces the history of child abuse, defines the problem, outlines reporting procedures, measures prevalence and incidence, cites causes and effects, provides an overview of sexual abuse, explains the legal system, and addresses memory repression.

Ressler, Robert K. and Tom Shachtman. "Childhoods of Violence."Whoever Fights Monsters, pp. 82-103. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.Call Number: HV 6529.R473 1992Abstract: This chapter examines the role of childhood neglect in the subsequent development of violent murderers. It is the result of a study of 36 murderers, most of whom were serial killers. The subjects displayed similar patterns of severe childhood abuse and neglect, patterns developed from birth through adolescence. Most of the killers had poor relationships with their mothers and consequently never learned appropriate ways to relate to other human beings.

Sachs, Andrea. "Dangerous Steps: Was Cinderella Right? A New Book Says Stepparents Abuse Children at a Frightening Rate." Time 154, no. 20(November 15, 1999): p. 116(2).Notes: Also available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: "Aug 30: A five-year-old Santa Ana, California, girl is found unconscious with bruises on her body. After she dies, her 28-year-old stepfather is charged with child abuse resulting in death.." "Oct 2: A 35-year-old man in Dayton is arrested for beating his stepson with a hammer, causing multiple skull fractures and a broken leg." "Oct 13: A 26-year-old man in Chicago is charged with beating his three-year-old stepson to death. The medical examiner's report details severe injury and abuse occurring over a period of time." Tragic stories like these fill the nation's newspapers. But do they have any relevance to step families as a whole? Yes, say Martin Daly and Margo Wilson, two Canadian psychology professors at McMaster University in Ontario. In their new book, The Truth about Cinderella: A Darwinian View of Parental Love (Yale University Press), the duo argue that having a stepparent is the most powerful risk factor for severe child abuse. This article discusses their views.

Singer, Amy. "A Child's Word Is Golden." Trial 36, no. 7(July 2000): 106(6).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: Litigation can be an emotionally draining experience for all parties. Now, imagine your client is a child who must testify in a highly upsetting case. How do you prepare child witnesses without imposing further trauma? Will they convey the evidence well enough to convince a jury? In many ways, child witnesses can be viewed as vulnerable adult witnesses. Those who are easily swayed can be counseled to gain confidence to stand their ground. Nervous witnesses can be taught how to calm themselves. But how can you deal effectively with the severely injured child or the child whose defense mechanisms are so forceful that they are hard to reach? This article discusses using proven therapeutic techniques to elicit testimony from traumatized children that helps not only their case but also their emotional well-being.

Stein, Robert A. "Who Speaks for the Kids?" ABA Journal (December 1999): p. 90.Abstract: One of the American Bar Association's most distinguished and effective public service programs is the Center on Children and the Law. The center, which is sponsored by the Young Lawyers Division, has been in existence since 1978 and is now one of the oldest and most respected national organizations addressing legal issues affecting children. This area of law is not for the faint of heart. It is not pleasant to talk about child abuse and neglect or terminating parental rights. So many cases are sad, from the 6-month-old infant with broken ribs, to the abandoned baby of a drug-addicted mother, to the child sexually abused by a trusted adult. Skilled practitioners in the field must be dedicated, resilient and very talented. This article discusses the work of the center.

Tammelleo, A. David. "Failure to Report Child Abuse Is Malpractice!" The Regan Report on Medical Law 32, no. 10(October 1999): p. 4(2).Notes: Available full-text on InfoTracAbstract: Most physicians know that they are required by law to report cases of suspected child abuse. Further, they are immune from liability should a report made in good faith prove to be unfounded. However, many physicians are unaware that the failure to report child abuse, under certain circumstances, can be grounds for a suit for medical malpractice. This articles gives an account of one such case.

US Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau. "Child Maltreatment 1998: Reports From the States to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System." 2000. [http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb]. Abstract: The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) is an information collection system that gathers and analyzes annual state statistics on abused and neglected children. The NCANDS has become our Nation's primary source of statistical information on child abuse and neglect. This volume presents an analysis of the NCANDS data for calendar year 1998. (A fact sheet of highlights of the 1998 report is available at http://www.calib.com/nccanch/pubs/factsheets/canstats.htm)

Waldfogel, Jane. The Future of Child Protection. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.Call Number: HV 713 .W27 1998Abstract: Lisa Steinberg. Elisa Izquierdo. Lance Helms. These are just a few of the names drawn from recent headlines, revealing cases of horrendous child abuse and neglect. Such cases have led to a crisis of confidence in the current child protective services (CPS) system, and to frequent calls for reform. The author shows that the public is right to be concerned, but many perceptions of the CPS system and the problems it is designed to alleviate are inaccurate. The book goes beyond the headlines, using historical, comparative, and specific case data to formulate a new approach to protecting children.

Walsh, Nancy. Child Welfare National Data Analysis System. Rockville, MD: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, November 1999.Call Number: J 32.21:120Abstract: On May 17, 1999, the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA), the oldest and largest nonprofit association assisting abused and neglected children and their families, announced the Nation's first comprehensive and interactive child welfare database: the National Data Analysis System (NDAS). This free online service (http://ndas.cwla.org) provided by CWLA and 30 sponsoring state agencies (listed on the database) is the only place where practitioners can find child welfare data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia in multiple subject areas presented in a user-friendly format. NDAS allows users to create customized tables and graphs by selecting states and data years of interest. It also allows them to compare a state's data with data from neighboring states or states with similar population sizes. In addition, NDAS provides users easy web access to child welfare data and allows them to download the data (complete with sources and footnotes) underlying the tables they view or create.

Wexler, Richard. Wounded Innocents: The Real Victims of the War Against Child Abuse. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995.Call Number: HV 6626 .52 .W44 1995Abstract: The war against child abuse has become a war against children. In the name of "child protection," innocent families are disrupted nearly two million times every year and thousands of children are needlessly torn from their parents and thrown into foster care--even as children in real danger are ignored. While the problem of child abuse is serious and real, the author charges that our solutions to the problem have actually made it worse--in fact, hurting the very children that they were intended to help. This book describes how well-meaning efforts to help children have gone terribly wrong and explains what needs to be done to set the chaotic foster-care system right.

Wolfe, David A. Child Abuse: Implications for Child Development and Psychopathology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1999.Call Number: HV 6626.5 .W58 1999Abstract: This book is devoted to a topic of major social and clinical significance. It describes the different types of abuse and discusses the influence they have on development, including the emotional, cognitive, academic, and social consequences in childhood and adolescence. The book uses theory and research to convey the importance of multiple contextual influences that affect abuse and can be used to ameliorate it.

Compiled by Jean Caddy, 10/00