Belt, B. and Doyle G. "White Power Gangs: The NLR (Nazi Low Riders) Story." Law and Order 46, no. 3(March 1998): pp. 52-56.Abstract: The NLR is the fastest growing prison gang in California. The tenets of the gang are rooted in white supremacy, which translates into racial hatred of blacks; Hispanic associates also participate in the criminal activities of the NLR because of their shared hatred of blacks. The NLR was formed within a correctional institution, and membership has grown out of necessity and popularity, absorbing other white gangs, generically called Peckerwoods, into the ranks. Connections have been found between the NLR and outlaw motorcycle gangs such as the Hell's Angels. These associations and investigations have led many in law enforcement to conclude that the NLR is the new enforcement arm of the Aryan Brotherhood.

Danitz, Tiffany. "The Gangs Behind Bars (Prison Gangs)." Insight on the News 14, no. 36(September 28, 1998): p. 34(2).Notes: Available fulltext on InfoTracAbstract: Prison gangs are flourishing across the country. Organized, stealthy and deadly, they are reaching out from their cells to organize and control crime in America's streets. According to gang investigators, the gang leaders communicate orders through letters, use visits, put messages in their artwork and in some states they use the telephone.

Fedarko, Kevin. "Long Arm of the Outlaw: Larry Hoover Is Convicted of Running the Country's Biggest Street Gang--From Prison." Time 149, no. 20(May 19, 1997): p. 42(1).Notes: Available full text on InfoTrac. Abstract: Hoover, also known as "the Chairman," was found guilty with six others of narcotics conspiracy. Serving a 150-200-year sentence for murder, Hoover ran a narcotics empire that virtually controlled the Illinois state prison system. He held jailhouse meetings, dictated memos and issued orders into his cell phone. He wore $400 alligator boots, dined on specially prepared food and splashed himself with expensive cologne. As young criminals filtered through prison, they were given application forms to fill out and, if their references proved solid, were indoctrinated into the gang.

This bibliography is a representative selection of materials either owned or on order by the FBI Academy Library. Inclusion of an item does not represent an endorsement by the FBI of the material or its author.

Galloway, Joseph L. and Bruce Selcraig. "Into the Heart of Darkness; Prison System in Texas Changes Inmates." U.S. News and World Report 126, no. 9(March 8, 1999): p. 18.Abstract: Just as jurors recoiled in horror when they were shown photographs of James Byrd, Jr.'s dismembered body, they seemed almost as stunned by photos of the bizarre tattoos on John William "Bill" King's arms and torso: Satanic symbols, Nazi icons, and the silhouette of a black man hanging from a tree. The images combined to paint a grim picture of a ghastly prison subculture--one that morphed during the course of the trial into something like an unindicted co-conspirator in the case. This article discusses the Texas prison system and the profound changes prison often wreaks on inmates--very often for the worse.

Godwin, Cory A. "Applying Correctional Intelligence to Law Enforcement Investigations." Corrections Today 61, no. 5(August 1999): pp. 94-100.Abstract: Prisons are a useful source of intelligence for police investigations and the entire criminal justice system; thus, many law enforcement agencies are now realizing the benefits of contacting their departments of correction or county jails when investigating street crimes. Nearly every major active street gang receives direction from inmates. Corrections agencies need to identify and develop sources of intelligence and try to automate the process.

Houston, James and Johan Prinsloo. "Prison Gangs in South Africa: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Gang Research 5, no. 3(Spring 1998): pp. 41-52.Abstract: This paper investigates prison gangs in South Africa and compares them to prison gangs in the United States. It is a preliminary investigation into the extent of gangs in South African prisons and the scope of their influence. It discusses the history of prison gangs in the United States, South African prison gangs, and the link between juvenile gangs and prison gangs in South Africa.

Judson, George. "Prison Blurs Gang Colors to Reduce Violence." Keeper's Voice (Spring 1996): 6 p. [http://www.oicj.org].Abstract: After nearly losing control of its prison to gangs in the early 1990's, Connecticut has restored order by offering violent gang members a choice: repudiate your blood oath to the group or serve your entire sentence locked in a cell 23 hours a day. This article discusses how the program worked at the Garner Correctional Institution.

Katz, Samuel M. "Taking Back the Island (Riker's Island), Part 1." Corrections Technology & Management Magazine (Online Version) (September 1998): [http://www.ctmmag.com].Abstract: This is the first of a two-part series on the work of the gang intelligence unit at Riker's Island.

________. "Taking Back the Island (Riker's Island), Part 2: NYDOC's Secret Weapon in the War on Gangs." Corrections Technology & Management Magazine (Online Version) (October 1998): [http://www.ctmmag.com].Abstract: The final part of a two-part series on the New York Department of Corrections Gang Intelligence Unit continues with the unit's work inside Riker's Island.

Lavigne, Yves. Hell's Angels at War. Toronto, Canada: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd., 1999.Call Number: HV 6453 .N73H44 1999Abstract: In the third book of his trilogy on the Hell's Angels, the author exposes the slick, technology-savvy new breed of Hell's Angels and how they're becoming a very real threat to society in Canada, the United States and throughout the world. Even more importantly, he reveals just how powerless law enforcement agencies are to stop what is equivalent to a multi-million dollar corporation that just happens to have the number-one market share in the illegal drugs industry.

________. Hell's Angels: Into the Abyss. New York: HarperPaperbacks, 1997.Call Number: HV 6488 .L39 1997Abstract: This is the explosive true story of the only man ever to infiltrate the Hell's Angels organization as an FBI informant, uncovering the truth about the notorious biker gang's netherworld of evil, lust and violence. The author's acceptance into the highest ranks of the gang led to an unprecedented FBI sting operation.

National Institute of Corrections. Management Strategies in Disturbances and With Gangs/Disruptive Groups. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 1991.Call Number: J 16.102:M 31Abstract: This manual presents management principles directly related to the control of prison gangs and disruptive groups as well as the prevention of disturbances; techniques are presented for responding to disturbances.

Police Video Network. 1% Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. Waterford, MI: PVN-TV, 87 min., 2 vols., 1992.Call Number: HV 6488 .O53 1992 A/VAbstract: An overview of the activities, organization, and culture of violence prone motorcycle gangs.

Scaramella, Gene, et al. "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Tattoo-Laden Misfits or Sophisticated Criminals?" Crime and Justice International 13, no. 9(October 1997): pp. 10-13.Abstract: This article examines the history, characteristics, and criminal activities of outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) throughout the world, beginning with the first introduction to OMGs in 1947, in Hollister, California, where a motorcycle rally turned violent after local police arrested a gang member. Following the arrest, the members of the gang, later reorganized as the Hell's Angels, formed a mob and demanded the release of their comrade. When their demands were not met, they literally destroyed the town. The gang members were World War II veterans who had become bored with civilian life and failed to adapt to it. Since then, these gangs have changed from a hedonistic lifestyle to a life of greed that has led to a sophisticated international criminal organization.

Smith, B.W., et al. "INTERPOL's 'Project Rockers' Helps Disrupt Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs." Police Chief 65, no. 9(September 1998): pp. 54-56.Abstract: In February 1991, INTERPOL created Project Rockers to identify motorcycle gangs engaged in continuous criminal activities, their membership, modus operandi and specific criminal activity, and to assist member nations in exchanging and correlating information. The United States and 24 other INTERPOL member countries currently participate in Project Rocker.

Taylor, J. "Motorcycle Gangs." Gazette (September/October 1998): p. 22(5).Abstract: This article provides an overview of the criminal activities of motorcycle gangs, notably the Hell's Angels, in Canada, and their connection to organized crime.

Thompson, Hunter S. Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga. New York: Modern Library, 1999.Call Number: HV 6489 .C2T48Abstract: The author spent almost two years living with California's most notorious motorcycle gang, the Hell's Angels, cycling up and down the coast, reveling in the anarchic spirit of their clan. His book successfully captures a singular moment in American history, when the biker lifestyle was first defined, and when such countercultural movements were electrifying and horrifying America.

Thouin, Andre. "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Around the World." Gazette (July 1999-August 1999): pp. 51-57.Abstract: The war between the Hell's Angels and Rock Machine in Quebec was not the only biker war to erupt in 1994. In March 1994, another biker war broke out in Denmark and Norway with violence quickly spreading to Sweden. This articles discusses the activities of outlaw motorcycle gangs in Scandinavia.

Trethewy, S. and Katz T. "Motorcycle Gangs or Motorcycle Mafia?" Police Chief 65, no. 4(April 1998): pp. 53-60.Abstract: With more than 50 years to hone their criminal "skills," outlaw motorcycle gangs have become a criminal force to be reckoned with. They have organized behind a hierarchical structure with bylaws and meetings. Some gangs are so concerned about their image that they have copyrighted and trademarked their logos and gang names. These gangs do not just work parallel with traditional organized crime groups, they cooperate on joint ventures and compete in other areas. This article examines the character and criminal affiliations, as well as practices of outlaw motorcycle gangs.

Valdez, Al. "The Mexican Mafia." Police (March 2000): pp. 54-55.Abstract: This article discusses the history of the Mexican Mafia prison gang, also known as La Eme, which can be found in 13 states, with membership estimated to be between 300-1000 members and associates.

________. "Nazi Low Riders." Police 23, no. 3(March 1999): pp. 46-48.Abstract: This article profiles the white supremacist gang called the Nazi Low Riders (NLR) whose origins can be traced to inmates held by the California Youth Authority. As the white supremacist Aryan Brotherhood was targeted for suppression in correctional facilities by the Department of Corrections, the NLR emerged as allies or soldiers to continue the in-prison illegal activities of the Aryan Brotherhood.

Compiled by Jean Caddy, 6/00