Branch, Curtis W. Adolescent Gangs: Old Issues, New Approaches. Philadelphia,
PA: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, 1998.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5A35 1999Abstract:
This book offers a collection of chapters on how to deal with gangs
effectively. It is divided into three sections, each devoted to
a type of setting in which services are provided to gang-affiliated
adolescents and their families: community-based interventions, specialized
agency-based interventions, and mental health interventions. The
book moves beyond the usual position of describing gangs and gang
members as social misfits. Rather, it operates from the basic belief
that gang members are normal people--often participating in abnormal
behavior--in search of a place for themselves in the communities
in which they live. The editor has recruited leading experts in
a variety of disciplines to examine new and creative ways of thinking
about gangs and how to respond to them. Brown, William B. "African-American Gang Members and Their
Families in a Segregated Society." Juvenile and Family Court
Journal (Spring 1998): pp. 1-14.Notes: (Available through Interlibrary
Loan)Abstract: We can no longer trivialize, or ignore, the impact
of structural impediments, racial discrimination, and racial segregation
in our analysis of African-American youth gangs in America's inner
cities. These issues set a stage where 79 African-American youngsters
view their gang affiliation as a means for survival. The present
study, conducted over a four-year period, explores structural and
racial barriers that many African-Americans, parents and children,
encounter regularly. The participants, gang members and their parents,
reveal their frustrations about the lack of opportunities for many
inner city African-Americans, their experiences as targets of racial
discrimination and segregation, and their confinement to deteriorating,
poverty-stricken neighborhoods in Detroit. Curry, G. David and Scott H. Decker. Confronting Gangs: Crime and
Community. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company, 1998.Call Number:
HV 6439 .U5C85 1998Abstract: Designed for courses on gangs, delinquency,
criminology, violence, social problems, juvenile justice and criminal
justice, this book provides students with links between gang literature
and traditional criminological, criminal justice, and sociological
approaches to gangs. A central thesis of the book is that gangs
and strategies to address them can only be understood and devised
through an analysis of the communities in which they exist. Fleisher, Mark S. Dead End Kids: Gang Girls and the Boys They Know.
Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998.Call Number: HV
9106 .K2F58 1998Abstract: Mark Fleisher exposes the depravity and
humanity in gang life as seen through the eyes of a teen-aged girl
named Cara. Dead End Kids provides a firsthand account of Cara's
life as a member of a Kansas City gang, the Fremont Hustlers. Drugs
and guns, shootings and assaults, boyfriends and pregnancies, ratty
apartments, broken-down cars, minimum-wage jobs, strained relationships
with family and peers, dodging the police, and praying for peace
fill her days. The book describes in detail the social and economic
pressure on Cara and fellow gang members whose lives were shaped
by poverty, family disorganization, and parental neglect. Fleisher
looks for hope in Cara's life, tries to bring her a brighter future,
and ultimately fails. Fritsch, Eric J., et al. "Gang Suppression Through Saturation
Patrol, Aggressive Curfew, and Truancy Enforcement: A Quasi-Experimental
Test of the Dallas Anti-Gang Initiative." Crime and Delinquency
(January 1999): pp. 122-139.Abstract: The Dallas, Texas, Police
Department attempted in 1996 to control gang violence through various
means. Saturation patrol was ineffective in lowering gang-related
violence until combined with aggressive curfew and truancy enforcement.
Police efforts in this sector did not significantly reduce offenses
reported to the police, which calls to question the validity of
using service requests as a measure of police effectiveness. Goldstein, Arnold P. and Donald W. Kodluboy. Gangs in Schools:
Signs, Symbols, and Solutions. Champaign, IL: Research Press, 1998.Call
Number: LB 3013.3 .G62 1998Abstract: Written by a noted authority
and a gang expert, this book is an essential resource for educators
and administrators who are concerned with gang presence or the possibility
of gang presence in their schools and communities. Grove/Haack and Associates. Youth Gangs in America: An Overview
of Suppression, Intervention, and Prevention Programs. 150 min.
1997.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5Y68 1997 A/VAbstract: This videotape
presents a March 1997 satellite teleconference sponsored by the
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and focuses
on juvenile gangs and gang suppression, intervention, and prevention
programs. Hernandez, Arturo. Peace in the Streets: Breaking the Cycle of
Gang Violence. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America,
Inc., 1998.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5H47 1998Abstract: "Gang
members are not from Mars or Venus. Their behavior differs only
in degree from expected teenage behavior," says Hernandez,
who puts 20 years of experience in working with gang members into
this book, with the premise the First Lady first brought to light
that it takes a village to raise a child. Two-thirds of the account
consists of riveting true-life stories of the author's work with
gang members; the remainder is a blueprint detailing how to work
together to salvage young lives. The thesis of a 1927 book by Ed
Thrasher, The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago, is that you
reduce delinquency by developing a teenager's personal interests.
Seventy years later, Hernandez wholeheartedly concurs with that
thesis, and he shares what has and has not worked in his effort
to bring peace to the streets. Howell, James C. Youth Gangs: An Overview. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 1998.Call Number: J 32.10:Y 8/5Abstract: This bulletin
provides an overview of the problems that youth gangs pose, identifies
the differences between youth gangs and adult criminal organizations,
examines the risk factors that lead to youth gang membership, and
presents promising strategies being used to curb youth gang involvement. Howell, James C. and Scott H. Decker. The Youth Gangs, Drugs, and
Violence Connection. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999.Call
Number: J 32.10:Y 8/6Abstract: The proliferation of youth gangs
since the 1980's has fueled public fear and magnified possible misconceptions
about youth gangs, particularly with respect to drugs and violence,
homicide, and the needs of communities and youth who live in the
presence of youth gangs. The authors make critical distinctions
between drug gangs and street gangs that further enhance our understanding
of the gang phenomenon, as does their exploration of the connections
between youth gangs and adult criminal organizations and the role
of firearms in gang violence. Institute of Intergovernmental Research. "National Youth Gang
Center." [http://www.iir.com/nygc/]. 16 September 1999.Abstract:
The purpose of the National Youth Gang Center is to expand and maintain
the body of critical knowledge about youth gangs and effective responses
to them. The Center assists state and local jurisdictions in the
collection, analysis, and exchange of information on gang-related
demographics, legislation, literature, research, and promising program
strategies. It also coordinates activities of the OJJDP Youth Gang
Consortium - a group of federal agencies, gang program representatives,
and other service providers. Jackson, Lonnie. Gangbusters: Strategies for Prevention and Intervention.
Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association, 1998.Call Number:
HV 6439 .U5J33 1998Abstract: In this book, the author, who is the
director of one of the country's most effective gang intervention
programs, offers insight into reasons why youths are attracted to
gangs and ways to prevent, confront, and reverse gang mentality. ________. "Understanding and Responding to Youth Gangs: A
Juvenile Corrections Approach." Corrections Today (August 1999):
p. 62(5).Notes: (Available fulltext on InfoTrac)Abstract: Youth
gangs are a growing problem in the U.S. and juvenile corrections
officials should step in, in view of the important role they play
in ensuring the smooth re-assimilation of juvenile gang offenders
into the community. Gang intervention programs need to be organized
to provide the gang members with an appealing alternative to gangs.
Corrections professionals should also cultivate relationships with
community members who are responsible for working with juveniles
once they leave the corrections facilities. Knox, George W. An Introduction to Gangs, 4th Ed. Peotone, IL:
New Chicago School Press, Inc., 1998.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5K66
1998Abstract: A highly regarded introductory college text or training
book for those whose work is directly affected by gang members.
This revised edition features 66 tables of research data and 28
figures; new chapters dealing with specialized subjects in gang
research, such as female gang members and Asian gang members; more
internal documents from some of the larger, more sophisticated American
gangs; and new developments in the gang problem and the response
to the gang problem. Landre, Rick, et al. Gangs: A Handbook for Community Awareness.
New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1997. Call Number: HV 6439 .U5L35
1997 Abstract: This well-researched and easy-to-read guide to recognizing
and understanding gangs is an essential resource in the effort to
counter the dangerous and often violent culture of gang life. Written
by a counselor, a police officer, and a teacher who have all successfully
taken measures to halt the spread of gang-related violence, this
book combines testimonial, dramatizations, and detailed information
to help communities build foundations that support their youth and
deter their affiliation with gang members. Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department Media Resources and AIMS
Media. Gangs Part 1: Fatal Attraction. 21 min. 1992.Call Number:
HV 6437 .G 36 1992 A/VAbstract: Assists in the early recognition
of gang members and their activities. Introduces gang members who
discuss initiation rites, the role of female gang members, nicknames,
retaliation policies and methods, and what is takes to quit a gang. Maxson, Cheryl L. Gang Members on the Move. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 1998.Call Number: J 32.10:G 15/3Abstract: This bulletin
explores how key terms such as "gang," "gang proliferation,"
and "gang migration" are defined; how and whether gang
migration affects gang proliferation; and trends reported in research
literature. Moore, John P. and Craig P. Terrett. Highlights of the 1997 National
Youth Gang Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999.Call Number:
J 32.21:97Abstract: This summary of findings from the 1997 National
Youth Gang Survey conducted by the National Youth Gang Center reports
that gang activity continued to affect a large number of cities
and counties in 1997, but the number of jurisdictions reporting
active gangs declined slightly from 1996 to 1997. Sachs, Steven L. Street Gang Awareness. Minneapolis: Fairview Press,
1997.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5S23 1997Abstract: What do blue bandannas,
champagne glasses, Los Angeles Kings Starter jackets, and automobile
air fresheners have in common? Unfortunately, very few parents or
educators would recognize these as gang signs. From the inner cities
to the wealthiest suburbs, street gangs are a deadly problem in
America--and they are growing rapidly. This book demystifies gang
behavior by exposing its secret system of signs and symbols. It
not only helps readers determine if a child is involved in a gang,
but also offers a range of practical, effective strategies to help
protect children and communities from this terrifying menace. Sikes, Gini. 8 Ball Chicks: A Year in the Violent World of Girl
Gangsters. New York: Anchor Books, 1998.Call Number: HV 9104 S54
1998Abstract: Gang violence is disturbing enough, but when girls
are involved, the horror is doubled. Journalist Sikes sets out to
discover the truth about girl gangs in Los Angeles, San Antonio,
and Milwaukee, risking life and limb to earn the trust of the girls
she portrays. Her candor regarding her deep shock at what she heard
and witnessed serves as a moral compass in this bewildering world
where young women become numb to brutality, both to the beatings
and rapes they endure and to the suffering of those they, in turn,
terrorize and injure. Sikes describes the cruel dynamics of their
ritualized culture, the sexual confusion engendered by the suppression
of intrinsic feminine traits in favor of more typically masculine
forms of aggression, and the terrible tragedy of lives dominated
by bloodletting and threats. Sikes cannot offer pat answers or solutions,
nor should she. The stories she tells, the young women she presents,
speak loudly and clearly for themselves. Valdez, Al. Gangs - A Guide to Understanding Street Gangs. San
Clemente, CA: LawTech Publishing Co., Ltd., 1997. Call Number: HV
6437 .V35 1997 Abstract: A good overview of American street gangs.
This book can be used as a basic introduction to gang sociology
and behaviors. Major American street and prison gangs are discussed,
with over 100 pictures. Webb, Margot. Coping With Street Gangs, 2nd Ed. New York: The Rosen
Publishing Group, 1999.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5W43 1999Abstract:
The book discusses why gangs exist and how to cope with the ever-present
threat they can present to frightened teens and their families.
Advice is offered as well as a listing of anti-gang organizations,
hotlines and other helpful agencies' phone numbers. Yablonsky, Lewis. Gangsters: Fifty Years of Madness, Drugs, and
Death on the Streets of America. New York: New York University Press,
1998.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5Y3 1997Abstract: The book begins with
a "history of gangs in the 20th century," then focuses
on the characteristics of the contemporary gang, with some attention
to its sociopathic dimension. Part 3 is devoted to treatment approaches
to the gang problem, with special emphasis on the therapeutic community
approach. Finally, the author reviews some of the principle theoretical
perspectives on gangs, characterizes gangs as "near-groups,"
and concludes with a prescription for reorienting gangs in a positive
direction. Youth/Street Gangs - 2000 ADDENDUM Baker, Thomas E. "Supergangs--or Organized Crime?" Law
and Order 47, no. 10(October 1999): pp. 192-97.Abstract: Police
officers need to understand the nature of supergangs, which are
large street-based gangs that engage in significant criminal activity;
have hierarchies, elders, elites, and hardcore members who call
themselves Original Gangsters; and have an organizational structure
that supports drug trafficking. Chesney-Lind, Meta and John M. Hagedorn [eds.]. Female Gangs in
America: Essays on Girls, Gangs and Gender. Chicago: Lake View Press,
1999. Call Number: HV 6439 .U5F46 1999 Abstract: This book challenges
a long tradition of Acolor them male@ scholarship about young women,
gender and gangs in our country. It is the first comprehensive collection
of essays ever published on the topic of girls and gang membership,
and its sweep is large, both historically and geographically. Esbensen, Finn-Aage. Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement. Washington,
DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 2000.Call Number: J 32.10:AD 7Abstract: The growth of
youth gangs over the past few decades is a major cause for concern,
particularly with the emergence of youth gangs in rural areas and
cities without previous gang problems. While there are no simple
solutions to ending the youth gang problem, this bulletin provides
information to better understand its complexities, while dispelling
common gang stereotypes. After describing the key characteristics
of youth gangs, risk factors for gang membership are examined, including
individual and family demographics, personal attributes, and peer
group, school, and community factors. Gramckow, Heike P. and Elena Tompkins. Enabling Prosecutors to
Address Drug, Gang, and Youth Violence. Washington, DC: US Department
of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Programs,
1999.Call Number: J 32.2:AC 2/999/DecAbstract: This bulletin offers
data on recent trends in juvenile violence, juvenile drug offenses,
and gang-related juvenile offending and describes prosecutorial
responses to such offenses. Examples of promising, prosecutor-led
programs combating the illicit use of guns, violence, drugs, and
gangs are also provided. These examples provide a range of ideas
that prosecutors can use to enhance their own efforts. Leet, Duane A., et al. Gangs Graffiti and Violence: A Realistic
Guide to the Scope and Nature of Gangs in America. Incline Village,
NV: Copperhouse Publishing Company, 1997.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5L44
1997Abstract: This book discusses street gangs in terms of their
causes, characteristics, and behavior patterns and details the history
and characteristics of Hispanic gangs, African American gangs, Asian
gangs, skinhead gangs, taggers, outlaw motorcycle gangs, prison
gangs, Jamaican Posses and Cuban gangs. Marble, Lynn. "The Youth Gang Problem: Fed Resources Are There
to Assist." Police 24, no. 6(June 2000): pp. 38-41.Abstract:
Efforts of local law enforcement agencies are at the heart of the
Nation's progress in responding to youth gang problems. This article
offers a brief history of youth gangs and discusses recent trends
in gangs and the findings from the National Youth Gang Center survey.
Initiatives and resources of the Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention are also discussed. Mays, G. Larry [ed.]. Gangs and Gang Behavior. Chicago: Nelson-Hall
Publishers, 1997 Call Number: HV 6439 .U5G3595 1997 Abstract: Over
40 different authorities on gangs from both criminal justice and
sociology contributed to this collection. The authors address such
questions as why gangs form, why certain people join gangs when
others do not, and what can be done about the problem. The book
also examines drugs and violence, Mexican girl gangs, and much more. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 1998 National
Youth Gang Survey Summary. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice,
2000.Call Number: In catalogingAbstract: The spread of youth gang
activity across America has led to increased public concern. In
1995, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
launched a series of annual surveys to facilitate analysis of changes
and trends in the nature of youth gangs and their activities. As
fourth in the series, this summary provides the results of the 1998
survey, which indicate that the percentage of jurisdictions reporting
active youth gangs decreased from the previous year, from 51 percent
in 1997 to 48 percent in 1998. An estimated 780,200 gang members
were active in 28,700 youth gangs in 1998, a decrease from the previous
year's figures of 816,000 gang members active in 30,500 youth gangs.
Despite these declines, and similar declines from 1996 to 1997,
gangs remain a serious problem. For example, every city with a population
of 250,000 or greater reported the presence of youth gangs, as they
did in 1996 and 1997. In addition, the number of gang members increased
43 percent in rural counties from 1996 to 1998, as youth gang participation
continued to spread beyond the confines of the Nation's major cities. Panther, Thomas M. "Getting a GRIP on Gangs." The Police
Chief 66, no. 10(October 1999): p. 119(3).Abstract: The Gang Resistance
Involving Parents (GRIP) program, established by two police officers
in Arlington County, Virginia, in 1997, is designed to identify
young people who are at risk of becoming involved in gang activity.
It educates these young people and their parents about gang activity
and the repercussions of gang involvement. When a police officer
on any task within the department comes across a young person involved
in gang activity, he fills in the "Field Observation Report."
This details the individual's gang-related activity and is forwarded
to the GRIP officer to follow-up with the family. Schofield, Daniel L. "Gang Congregation Ordinance: Supreme
Court Invalidation." The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 68, no.
9(September 1999): p. 28.Abstract: Issues discussed concern a 6-3
vote by the US Supreme Court to overturn a Chicago, Illinois, ordinance
that banned gangs from congregating on the street, stating that
the Gang Congregation Ordinance is unconstitutional. Topics addressed
include a summary of the regulation, the conflicting opinions of
the justices, and the impact of the City of Chicago v. Morales on
implementing ordinances to fight gang activity. Seymour, Ann and Sigmon Jane. ""Victims of Gang Violence."
From National Victim Assistance Academy. 2000. [http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/assist/nvaa2000/academy/chap22-3.htm].
Chapter 22, Section 3, 17 p.Abstract: The problem of gangs is reaching
a critical point in many communities. Communities are affected as
they struggle to pay for law enforcement strategies to combat the
operation and spread of gang violence. No one can place a dollar
amount on the loss of life and the physical and emotional suffering
experienced by victims and neighborhoods under gang siege. This
chapter presents a psychological and sociological model of a typical
gang member and gang, as well as law enforcement intervention/suppression
programs and prevention efforts. It also examines victims' rights
and needs, which have unique aspects when perpetrators are gang
members, along with components of a model victim advocacy approach. Spector, Elliot B. "Loitering Ordinances to Control Gang Activity."
The Police Chief 66, no. 10(October 1999): p. 11(2).Abstract: Police
chiefs should ensure that their legal advisers carefully consider
the decision in City of Chicago v. Morales, in which the US Supreme
Court left flexibility for loitering ordinances to be used to control
gang activity if the ordinance is correctly worded and enforced.
It is important that loitering ordinances specifically address gang
members and/or some negative behavior beyond merely standing around
on the street. Vagueness about what constitutes loitering may invalidate
an ordinance. Stone, Michael. Gangbusters: How a Street Tough, Elite Homicide
Unit Took Down New York's Most Dangerous Gang. New York: Doubleday,
2000.Call Number: HV 6439 .U7N4685 2000Abstract: Gangbusters is
a riveting narrative about the secretive, elite Homicide Investigation
Unit (HIU) and its successful investigation and prosecution of the
notorious upper Manhattan Wild Cowboys, one of the bloodiest and
most violent drug gangs in New York's long history. For two years,
veteran reporter Michael Stone was granted exclusive access to the
inner workings of HIU, its brilliant and iconoclastic chief, Walter
Arsenault, and the seasoned, street-smart detectives and prosecutors
who helped to put the Wild Cowboys behind bars. The strategies Arsenault
employed in the unit's investigation have since become a model for
gang enforcement in cities around the world. ________. "New Gang Trends?" Police 24, no. 11(November
2000): pp. 66-67.Abstract: California is celebrating its 100th year
of street gang influence. Surprisingly, several states have 100-year-plus
street-gang histories. Since most street-gang customs and practices
are based on established tradition, expected behaviors and customs
are passed down from the older gang members to the younger ones.
However, subculture practices are also subject to current societal
influences and law enforcement pressures. This article discusses
the changes within the street gang subculture. ________. "Put Full-Service Gang Units to Work." Police
24, no. 7(July 2000): pp. 54-55.Abstract: "Full-service gang
units" are needed to truly impact street gang activity. Suppression
programs, or as they are sometimes called, "gang enforcement,"
are a much-needed component to the gang equation. ________. "Street-Wise Veteran Gives Sage Advice." Police
24, no. 6(June 2000): pp. 66-67.Abstract: Wes McBride, a 34-year
veteran and sergeant with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department,
has worked street gangs for the past 27 years. McBride discusses
some gang investigators' associations, under-reporting of gangs,
changes in street gangs, full service gang units, and gang migration. Yablonsky, Lewis. Gangsters: Fifty Years of Madness, Drugs, and
Death on the Streets of America. New York: New York University Press,
1997.Call Number: HV 6439 .U5Y3 1997Abstract: Intended primarily
for sociologists, behavioral scientists, and therapists, this book
considers how the American gang has evolved into its current structure,
what prompts youth to participate in violent behavior, and what
can be done to extract youth from the gangster world of crime and
violence. Part 1 deals with the history and causal context of gangs,
the realities of gang violence, and the dire consequences of the
gang phenomenon. Part 2 analyzes various characteristics of contemporary
gangs, and Part 3 presents traditional methods for preventing and
controlling gang violence.
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