"Librarian's Index to the Internet." [http://www.lii.org]. 20 January 2000.Abstract: Has a directory on "searching the Internet" which contains links to many different search engines and Internet directories. Using the term "Web communities" in the individual sites usually leads to directories of web communities, where protest sites, etc., can be found. Different terms applicable to your situation can also be searched.

"National Conference on Civil Disobedience, January 22nd-23rd, 2000." [http://www.infoshop.org/nccd/index.html]. 15 December 1999.Abstract: The National Conference on Civil Disobedience is geared towards the activist. It is run by activists who adhere to a strict non-profit, non-corporate policy ethic. It envisions coordinating a dialogue between many different activist groups and providing every activist with a multitude of tools to take home, share, and utilize effectively.

"National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center." [http://www.nlectc.org/ASP/database.asp]. 20 January 2000.Abstract: The NLECTC provides criminal justice (law enforcement, corrections and the courts) professionals with information on technology, guidelines and standards for these technologies, objectives, testing data, and science and engineering advice and support to implement these technologies. At the product database screen, supply a keyword and press the Search button.

"Protest.Net." [http://www.protest.net/]. 15 December 1999.Abstract: A calendar of protests, meetings, and conferences that proposes MayDay2000 as the next protest in cities around the world.

"Stamper Takes Full Responsibility for Response to WTO Protests." The Associated Press State & Local Wire, 27 December 1999, State and Regional.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis) Abstract: Police Chief Norm Stamper took to the editorial pages Monday to set the record straight that he is to be held responsible for security decisions made during unexpectedly violent World Trade Organization protests. He said Mayor Paul Schell set overall policy on responding to protests, but the mayor was not directly involved in police tactics. Critics have accused Schell of letting his chief take the fall for WTO.

"World Economic Forum Meeting Different to WTO Conference." Agence France Presse (January 18, 2000): Financial Pages.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: The World Economic Forum will meet in the Swiss resort of Davos from January 27-February 1, bringing together 1,200 top business leaders, 300 political leaders, 300-400 academic experts and leaders of civil society, as well as 30 heads of state or government, including U.S. President Bill Clinton. Managing Director Claude Smadja said the meeting will have a different purpose from that of the ministerial trade liberalization discussions of the World Trade Organization rocked by demonstrations against globalization.

"WTO Protest Takes a Toll: Seattle Police Chief Quits." The Gazette (Montreal), 8 December 1999, p. B8.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: Amid continuing criticism over the police department's handling of the protests in Seattle last week that eclipsed the World Trade Organization meeting, the city's police chief announced yesterday that he will resign.

Alexander, John B. "Nonlethal Weapons: When Deadly Force Is Not Enough." The Futurist 33, no. 8(October 1999): p. 34(5). Notes: (Available fulltext through InfoTrac) Abstract: Military operations are becoming more complicated in the post-Cold War world, and police forces must resolve a range of difficult conflicts. Nonlethal weapons offer much-needed flexibility in these new environments.

Barber, Mike and Kery Murakami. "WTO Plans Alarmed White House; City Preparations Frenzied, Documents Show." Seattle Post-Intelligencer (January 15, 2000): p. A1.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: Public access to boxes of documents and e-mail correspondence from the mayor's office, as well as material obtained from other agencies, covering the city's 10 months of planning prior to the conference paint a picture of frenzied, last-minute activity after months of slow, deliberate talks. As the city's bill for security skyrockets to $14 million so far, city officials have complained that Seattle is getting stuck for the unforeseen violence that erupted.

Birkland, Dave. "Leaders of Two Police Groups Call for Schell to Quit Over WTO Riots." The Seattle Times (January 4, 2000): p. A1.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: Officials of two of the state's largest police associations are demanding that Seattle Mayor Paul Schell resign because of the riots that turned downtown and Capitol Hill into battle zones during the recent World Trade Organization conference here.

Bodrero, D. Douglas. "Confronting Terrorism on the State and Local Level." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March 1999): pp. 11-18.Abstract: Efforts to combat terrorism on both the state and local levels are examined. All acts of terrorism in the U.S. remain local in nature, although the FBI assumes the lead federal role in the investigation and prevention of domestic terrorism.

Burgess, John and Steven Pearlstein. "Protest Delays WTO Opening." The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.), 1 December 1999, p. A01.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis) Abstract: Anti-trade protesters took control of downtown Seattle, forcing the delay of the opening of a global meeting of the World Trade Organization. Thousands of delegates were trapped in the streets and hotels by what quickly blossomed into one of the largest acts of mass civil disobedience in recent U.S. history. The Seattle mayor declared a civil emergency and imposed a curfew on the downtown area. Two hundred unarmed National Guard units were called in to help police clear the streets.

Burton, Bernie. "Seattle WTO Protests Reinvigorate U.S. Labor." Ventura County Star (Ventura, CA), 13 December 1999, Editorial, p. B07.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: A revitalized and united labor movement was symbolized by a march through the city of 40,000 trade union members and an overflowing stadium rally, whose speakers included John Sweeney, President of the AFL-CIA and James P. Hoffa, Jr., President of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Their principal demands were blunt and clear: no favored national treatment where goods are produced by child or forced prison labor, or where workers are denied the right to organize freely and negotiate wages and working conditions.

Carlson, Joel. "Critical Incident Management in the Ultimate Crisis." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March 1999): pp. 19-22.Abstract: Preparation for managing a weapons of mass destruction incident first requires an appreciation of the magnitude of the potential consequences. Crisis managers cannot wait for such an incident to occur to perfect a process for handling the next one.

Ciria-Cruz, Rene. "After Seattle--Uneasy Allies Aim to Take Protest Movement Mainstream." Pacific News Service, 9 December 1999, Commentary.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: It took opponents of globalization only three tumultuous days of civil protest in Seattle to make the otherwise innocuous sounding World Trade Organization a less-than-savory household name. Now they are eager to stack more victories on top of their political triumph. There's talk of mass mobilizations next spring around the meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the Work Bank.

D'Alessandro, Mike and Charles Hoffman. "Mutual Aid Pacts." Law and Order (February 1995): pp. 90-93.Abstract: Mutual aid pacts, in existence for more than 20 years, usually involve adjacent communities banding together for joint jurisdictional patrol. It is a relatively simple matter to form a provisional emergency response team utilizing the pre-existing structure of a mutual aid pact.

Davis, Nick. "Raising a Ruckus: Learning How to Monkey-Wrench at Direct Action Camp." E 8, no. 6 (November -December 1997): p. 15(4).Notes: (Available fulltext through InfoTrac)Abstract: The 1997 National Camp organized by the Ruckus Society was held at Pepperland, a 65-acre private area in southwestern North Carolina. This seven-day training camp for direct-action activists include climbing instruction, open-air seminars and communal bonding.

Dow Jones International News. "Seattle Cancels New Year's Celebration on Terror Threat." Dow Jones Newswire (December 28, 1999). Note: (Available fulltext through Dow Jones Interactive Newsstand) Abstract: The mayor has canceled the city's New Year's Eve celebration below its landmark Space Needle, citing the possibility of terrorist acts. An estimated 50,000 people had been expected to gather below the Needle, located at the 20-acre Seattle Center just off the city's downtown.

Dunphy, Stephen H. "All Over But the Shouting." The Seattle Times (December 28, 1999).Notes: (Available fulltext through Dow Jones Interactive Newsstand). Abstract: China and the U.S. have agreed to agree on trade--but that puts the same foes who duked it out on the streets of Seattle earlier this month back in the ring--this time in Washington, D.C. The decibel level promises to be high. But if events unfold as expected over the next few months, China will move front and center in the battle over world trade that began in the streets of Seattle early this month.

Elliott, Michael. "The New Radicals." Newsweek (December 13, 1999): pp. 36-39.Abstract: Seattle wasn't exactly the '60's but, along with the tear gas, there is a whiff of a very '90's radicalism in the air. This article goes behind the new face of protest.

Fidler, Stephen. "Parties Prepare for a Furious Struggle Over WTO." Financial Times (London) (January 12, 2000): p. 6.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: Trade has suddenly emerged as one of the hottest political issues in Washington. The unwieldy coalition of labor unions, consumer groups, environmentalists and other activists that led the protests in Seattle is already immersed in plans to try to block the Beijing trade deal.

Hood, Michael. "Diverse Groups With Different Agendas Disrupt WTO Talks." Agence France Presse, 1 December 1999, Financial Pages.Notes: (Available fulltext from Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: A list of the diverse anti-free trade groups with disparate agendas that disrupted WTO talks in Seattle, prompting a curfew and state of emergency declaration.

Klee, Kenneth. "The Siege of Seattle." Newsweek (December 13, 1999): pp. 30-36.Abstract: In a ruckus over foreign trade, a surge of violence rocks the placid '90's. What does this odd coalition of globo-protesters really want?

Martin, Robert A. "The Joint Terrorism Task Force: A Concept That Works." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March 1999): pp. 23-27.Abstract: The FBI-New York City Police Department Joint Terrorism Task Force has been responding to major problems since 1979. The key to its success remains the melding of personnel from the various law enforcement agencies into a single focused unit.

This bibliography is a representative selection of materials either owned or on order by the FBI Academy Library. Inclusion of an item does not represent an endorsement by the FBI of the material or its author.

Medved, Michael. "Battle in Seattle: No, This Wasn't the '60's All Over Again." USA Today, 7 December 1999, p. 19A.Notes: (Available fulltext from Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: The demonstrations against the World Trade Organization offered unmistakable echoes of the anti-Vietnam protests of yesteryear. There was the same festive atmosphere, the same wildly inflated sense of self-importance ("The whole world is watching!"), the same intoxicating appeal of reckless youth challenging established power, the same inane attempts at street theater and the same ugly epithet of "pigs!" hurled at long-suffering police officers.

Miller, Greg. "WTO Summit: Protest in Seattle." Los Angeles Times, 2 December 1999, p. A24.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: The tumult in Seattle began 11 months ago with a salvo of e-mail. "Everybody clear your calendars," read a message sent January 26 to thousands of supporters by Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch, a lead organizer of this week's protests. "We're going to Seattle at the end of November." That e-mail, and others from allied organizations, began ricocheting around the globe the moment Seattle was selected to host the World Trade Organization talks.

Murphy, Kim. "California and the West: Anarchists Deployed New Tactics in Violent Seattle Demonstrations." Los Angeles Times, 16 December 1999, p. A3.Notes: (Available fulltext from Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: Operating in small cells known as affinity groups and aided by masses of people who flooded into the streets in support, a new style of urban activists presented themselves in Seattle, employing civil disobedience techniques honed in the Pacific Northwest timber wars and an increasingly militant style of old-fashioned anarchism.

Norman, Mike. "Lawless in Seattle: The Way the Wind Is Blowing." The Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 10 December 1999, Metro; Editorial, p. 11.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: According to a website run by the Mid-Atlantic InfoShop ("Your guide to anarchy on the web," www.infoshop.org) the Seattle riots were "...only the first round in a prolonged war against the powers that want to rule our lives." It ends with an ominous postscript, "See you in Philadelphia on July 30." The Republican National Convention begins in Philadelphia on July 31. In Philadelphia, Police Commissioner Timoney held a news briefing to say that his force will be ready for protesters this summer. Two Philadelphia police officials were in Seattle to observe how authorities handled the demonstrations.

Rheingold, Howard. "The Virtual Community." [http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book]. 21 January 2000.Abstract: Cyberculture authority Howard Rheingold was the first to write about online communities. This groundbreaking classic explores the entire virtual community and the majority of the material relates to how individuals interact online much as they do in a face-to-face community. He makes his readers aware of the dangers to liberty and democracy that computer-aided surveillance and the commercialization of networking can pose, as well as the social implications of computer networking.

Schodolski, Vincent J. "Police From Other Cities Learned the Lessons of Seattle Firsthand." Chicago Tribune, 12 December 1999, Chicagoland Final Edition, p. 8.Notes: (Available fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: In the months leading up to the trade meeting, the Secret Service invited police officers from four cities to take part in a training and observation session to watch how the Seattle police handled crowd control and the protection of government officials. Police from Los Angeles, Philadelphia, New York and Salt Lake City were invited because their home cities will play host to major events next year and in 2002. Those police officers got a great deal more than they expected.

Sperry, Sam. "Mayor Schell Low-Balled WTO Security." Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 5 December 1999, Editorial, p. G2.Notes: (Aailable fulltext through Lexis-Nexis)Abstract: The fundamental error made by Schell was his decision to disobey the law of worst-case planning. Instead, he chose an optimistic approach that would focus on welcoming protesters in the hope they would conduct themselves peacefully and that there would be no trouble. When trouble did occur, Schell's forces were inadequate to the task of maintaining the peace. With too little deployment on the front end of the WTO event, chaos and strife gained sway. By the time the mayor summoned the National Guard Tuesday, the genie of war in the streets was out of the bottle.

Squitieri, Tom. "Buchanan: Trade Fight Is a Winner." USA Today (December 1999): FINAL, p. 13A Notes: (Available fulltext through Dow Jones Interactive Newsstand) Abstract: Pat Buchanan says the fight over U.S. trade policies will be "the new battleground" in politics next year, and he expects the debate to boost his Reform Party presidential campaign. He said he expects a confrontation over trade within the first 90 days of Congress' return next year, when several lawmakers plan to offer a resolution that would require the United States to withdraw from the WTO. Buchanan said he anticipates a second high-profile trade debate if President Clinton seeks to grant China permanent normal trade relations status, formerly known as most favored nation status.

Stampler, Norm. "WTO: Hard Lessons for Law Enforcement." The Seattle Times (December 27, 1999): Editorial. Notes: (Available fulltext through Dow Jones Interactive Newsstand)Abstract: According to the former chief, Seattle's mayor and city council have set in motion in-depth reviews to answer questions about the security planning for the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference and the police response to demonstrators and lawbreakers during the week of November 29. The Seattle Police Department, working with the nearly two dozen law enforcement agencies--including the FBI, the Washington State Patrol and the King County Sheriff's Department--that make up the WTO Public Safety Committee headed by Seattle Assistant Chief Ed Joiner, will take the lead in those reviews.

Times Wire Reports. "Nation in Brief: Washington State; 240 WTO Protest Cases Are Dropped." Los Angeles Times (January 5, 2000): p. A4, National Desk.Notes: (Available fulltext through through Lexis-Nexis) Abstract: All but 40 of 280 unresolved misdemeanor cases stemming from demonstrations during the World Trade Organization meetings last month are being dropped. An unspecified number of people still face felony charges.

Zakaria, Fareed. "After the Storm Passes." Newsweek (December 13, 1999): p. 40.Abstract: The protesters didn't have their facts right, and may hurt the very causes they claim to care about. Why good drama can make bad history.

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