"Careful Cruising:
Ensuring Traffic Safety." Sheriff (January/February 1999): pp.
17, 23, 35.Abstract: Law enforcement agencies are advised to have
an updated plan of action for handling high-speed pursuits. Most agencies
have developed policies that dictate under what circumstances pursuits
are acceptable. When drafting such policies, it is advisable to contact
your local attorney general in order to review prevailing local, state
and federal laws. Pursuit Management Task
Force. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 1998.Call Number:
J 28.24/7:M 32/2Abstract: The task force was structured to provide
technologists and administrators with a law enforcement needs-based
assessment of useful technical approaches to enhance pursuit policies
and practices. A&E Home Video. Hot
Pursuit. Kurtis Productions, Ltd. ,1996.Call Number: HV 8080.P9H68
1996 A-VNotes: Video Recording, Approx. 50 min.Abstract: High-speed
chases are one of the most controversial activities police undertake,
jeopardizing the lives of the officer, suspect and innocent bystanders.
American Justice examines real life pursuits conducted by land, sea
and air. Alpert, Geoffrey P. Police in Pursuit: Policy and Practice. U.S. Department of Justice. 1996.Call Number: HV 8080.P9P65 1996 A-VNotes: Video Recording: Approx. 45 min.Abstract: Presents a critical look at police pursuit policies. The technology being developed to make pursuits safer, trends in pursuit policies and the differences in judgement policies and restricted policies. This bibliography is
a representative selection of materials either owned or on order by
the FBI Academy Library. Inclusion of an item does not represent an
endorsement by the FBI of the material or its author. Alpert, Geoffrey P. and
Roger G. Dunham. Police Pursuit Driving: Controlling Responses to
Emergency Situations. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.Call Number:
HV 8080.P9A46 1990 Abstract: Analyzes another form of potential force,
the police pursuit. When an officer becomes engaged in a chase, the
vehicles involved become potentially dangerous weapons. The analogy
between shootings and pursuits used here is informative, but the comparisons
between vehicles and guns must be interpreted in a cautious manner.
Injuries resulting from police use of firearms are most often intended.
Injuries and damages resulting from police pursuit driving are most
often accidental. As more information about pursuit driving is gathered
and analyzed, results from research on the use of firearms must be
incorporated, but recommendations for one must not be attached blindly
to the other. Alpert, Geoffrey P. and
Lorie A. Fridell. Police Vehicles and Firearms: Instruments of Deadly
Force. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1992.Call Number: HV
8080.P9A47 1992 Abstract: Two particular police practices, the use
of firearms and pursuit driving, have developed over the years as
part of police field operations. Until recently, each was a relatively
protected tactic and therefore not scrutinized closely. Both the use
of firearms and pursuit driving will be addressed comprehensively
in this book. Badger, Joseph. "Improving
Driver Safety: Drive and Crash Without Damage or Injury." Law
and Order (December 1999): pp. 61-63.Abstract: Critiques the basic
benefits of a simulator program in training drivers how to drive and
react to certain hazards and conditions before putting them in an
actual vehicle on the street. Barker, Tom. Emergency
Vehicle Operations. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1998.Call
Number: HV 8080.P9B37 1998Abstract: Defines law enforcement emergency
vehicle operations, examines the liability concerns and provides guidelines
for the development of policies, procedures and rules. Pursuit, the
most dangerous emergency vehicle operation, is analyzed from the viewpoint
that only well-regulated pursuits should be allowed when the danger
to the public of the violator remaining at large outweighs the danger
to the public created by the pursuit. Becknell, Conan, et al.
"Policy Restrictiveness and Police Pursuits." Policing vol.22,
no.1(1999): pp. 93-110.Abstract: Analyzes the consequences of police
departments having more, or less, restrictive policies in regard to
police vehicle pursuits. Different elements of policy restrictiveness
also are examined. Dahlinger, Charles W. "Reducing
Police Pursuit Liabilities." Police (February 2000): pp. 48,
50-51.Abstract: When police departments have well defined policies
in place, that are adhered to, liability is reduced drastically. Durham, Roger G., et al.
"High-Speed Pursuit: The Offenders' Perspective." Criminal
Justice and Behavior (March 1998): pp. 30-38.Abstract: Little research
has been done on law violators who fled from police. This article
explores the violators' perspective and adds their attitudes and beliefs
into the knowledge base concerning pursuit. Eisenberg, Clyde. "Pursuit
Management." Law and Order (March 1999): pp.73-77.Abstract: How
can agencies effectively pursue offenders and simultaneously ensure
the maximum safety of those directly or indirectly involved? Administrators
should take a holistic approach to the problem and develop a strategic
model for action. Finarelli, Joseph. "High-Speed
Police Chases and Section 1983: Why a Definitive Liability Standard
May Not Matter." Defense Counsel Journal (April 1999): pp. 238-47.Notes:
(Available fulltext on Infotrac)Abstract: A standard of deliberate
indifference in Section 1983 litigation has been applied predominately
in several contexts outside the high-speed police context. Courts
have employed this standard when assessing claims against municipalities
for inadequate police officer training. Only within the last decade
has the deliberate indifference or reckless disregard standard been
applied to high-speed police pursuits. Franklin, Carl J. "Evaluating
Police Pursuit Policies." [http://www.geocites.com/WallStreet/4199/pursuit.htm].
Abstract: A significant portion of lawsuits against cities and towns
stem from actions involving police conduct. Of these actions, nearly
one in five arise from police driving during an emergency situation,
such as pursuits. The major issue in these suits is whether the risk
created by the pursuit was properly balanced with the need for immediate
apprehension of the pursued subject. If the need to apprehend does
not outweigh the risk presented, the municipality may be liable for
the consequences. One area the courts scrutinize in deciding this
issue is the type of pursuit policy individual police departments
have adopted. This bulletin examines those policies so departments
may better address potential problems involving police pursuits within
their community. Harman, Alan. "New
Chase Rules for Ontario Police." Law and Order (July 1999): pp.
103-4. Abstract: Every police service must have written procedures
on alternatives to a pursuit available in its jurisdiction, including
tactics for following or stopping a vehicle, and the equipment that
is available. Examples of alternatives could include the use of a
helicopter, spike belts and tactical use of other vehicles. Jagger, Melissa B. "Police:
Pursuit - High-Speed Chase." Stetson Law Review (Winter 1999):
pp. 886-92.Notes: (Available fulltext on Westlaw)Abstract: A police
officer involved in a high-speed police pursuit to apprehend a suspected
offender that results in the death of the driver does not violate
substantive due process through deliberate or reckless indifference
but violates due process only if the officer's action intended to
cause the harm. MacDonald, John M. and
Geoffrey P. Alpert. "Public Attitudes Toward Police Pursuit Driving."
Journal of Criminal Justice vol. 26, no. 3(1998): pp. 185-94.Abstract:
Although studies have reported the risks and benefits of police pursuit
driving as well as the attitude of law enforcement personnel, little
is known about the public's perception of pursuit. This study helps
fill the void by examining citizens' attitudes toward police pursuit.
The findings indicate that citizens support the police in their attempt
to apprehend suspects of serious crimes, but the support diminishes
when the nature of the offense is not as serious. Meinecke, Derek W. "Assessment
of Police Conduct During High-Speed Chases in State Tort Liability
Cases." Wayne Law Review (Spring 2000): pp. 325-60.Notes: (Available
fulltext on Westlaw) Abstract: Police officers have a duty to pursue
and apprehend law violators. This duty occasionally forces police
officers to conduct high-speed chases that culminate in property damage
or serious injury to the pursued party, police officers and even innocent
bystanders. This has led to the creation of several anti-high-speed
police chase organizations. Several cities have even limited situations
in which police officers may pursue a law violator. These developments
have hindered the purposes of police pursuit, that of criminal apprehension
and to some extent crime prevention. Noble, Jeff. "Police
Pursuits: Law Enforcement or Public Safety?" Journal of California
Law Enforcement vol. 33, no.1(1999): pp. 4-13.Abstract: Reviews state
and federal laws related to police vehicular pursuits. The article
concludes with a suggested model for use in determining when an officer
should, and should not, engage in pursuit. Rayburn, Michael. "Pursuits:
Getting Back to Basics." Police (September 2000): pp. 47-48.Abstract:
Although last year's Supreme Court decision of County of Sacramento
vs. Lewis, 98 F.3d 434 (9th Cir., 1996 and 115 S.Ct. 2406, 1998) was
a favorable one for law enforcement, it must not be misconstrued as
blanket coverage against liability for all pursuits. Officers still
need to remember the basics when it comes to initiating, conducting
and controlling a pursuit until its final outcome. Pursuit Driving: A Telecourse
for California Law Enforcement. State of California Commission on
Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). 1996.Call Number: HV
8080.P9P8 1996 A-VNotes: Video Recording, Approx. 50 min.Abstract:
A guest panel of police officers examines the issue of pursuit driving.
Questions whether or not pursuits are necessary and safe. Contains
news footage and TV clips. Aimed at helping officers keep streets
safe.
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